Elements of Expatriate Compensation Essay

The sum of pragmatic substantiation on the interaction between reimbursement stratagem and national culture and echelon of trade and industry progression of an economy is virtually not anything (Harvey, 1993). Due to the advent of globalization and the constantly rising total of international business, the Society for Human Resource Management International has observed that several expatriates, nationals and third country nationals whose fate crossed on borderlines felt that the compensation they receive are piously beyond their professional expectations. As a matter of fact, the benefits and assistance by the management of the companies hitherto have been reckoned as the most ideal support dating back on economical datum. However, when outsourcing has commenced, the HR of multinational companies have also adjusted compensation schemas lowering it down to national basics compared to prior services. Contingency theories as well as resource dependence analogies have been established—the organizational level based on interdependence, complexity, age and size of foreign affiliate—while the environmental sagacity dwelled on country characteristics—market compensation, political risk and cultural distance (Boyacigiller, 1990). In a larger perspective, expatriate compensation is also considered as the benefits given to international students in universities offering overseas scholarship. Those who came the farthest are treated at the highest level while those who are in close proximity to the donor (or the company, per se) will have slighter treatment, which includes benefits and assistance. These elements, however, may be deemed as logically just and fair since there is a huge demarcation between the needs of the expatriates and the nationals (Harvey, 1993). Thus certain factors are also held credible in evaluation and assessment, dependent to the qualifications granted by the law and by the company, more specifically all credentials are taken into account.

Job Motivation Essay

What is motivation? Motivation defined as the internal force that drives a worker to action as well as the external factors that encourage that action (Locke & Latham, 2002). This report aims to analyze the interviewee’s work motivation by using the job motivation theory. In this report, I interviewed a job incumbent. I will analyze the interviewee’s work motivation by applying the job characteristics model, expectancy theory and reinforcement theory. In this case, my interviewee was a secondary school teacher in Hong Kong called Miss Tse. She had been a teacher for twenty years. She teaches Chinese and Chinese history. Besides teaching, she needs to prepare notes for the students and solving problems from the students. Why Miss Tse choose teacher as her vocation? She mentioned that she loves get along with the children. Also she adores the duties of a teacher. So being a teacher had become her ideal. Hackman and Oldham proposed the job characteristics model, which states that five core job characteristics influence (skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback) three critical psychological states that in turn lead motivation (Hackman & Oldham, 1975). The first core characteristic is skill variety. It refers to the need of different skills for the success of job tasks. In the case of Miss Tse, her work had a high variety. She mentioned that after the education reform and the changing of the society, the workload for the teacher had become greater than the past. Besides the high workload of the education, Miss Tse needed to communicate with the student and their parents more. She said that nowadays people are more individualism especially the parents, they concern on the academic result more than the personal growth. So Miss Tse needed to put more time on it. As a result the job variety had become higher.

Burnout of the courier in logistics company in China

ENG Abstract Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal streamers on the Job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. The past 25 years of research has established the complexity of the construct, and places the individual stress experience within a larger organizational context of people's relation to their work.Recently, the work on burnout has expanded internationally and has led to new conceptual models. The development of the logistics company to create many Jobs, special courier. However, facing to overload workload, the courier is prone to burnout. The aim of this research is to find what factors lead to courier appears occupation burnout and what are the solutions. In this paper, using the method of questionnaires solve the problem about burnout of the courier in logistics company in China. We hope can find factors to make contribute to further research in the future.Key words: burnout, courier, logistics com pany, China l. Introduction 1. 1 Research Background of Burnout and logistics company The relationship that people have with their work, and the difficulties that can arise when that relationship goes awry, have been long recognized as a significant phenomenon of the modern age. The use of the term burnout for this phenomenon began to appear with some regularity in the sass in the United States, especially among people working in the human services.This popular usage was presaged by Green's 1961 novel, A Burnout Case, in which a spiritually tormented and disillusioned architect quits his Job and withdraws into the African Jungle. Even earlier writing, both fictional and nonfunctional, described similar phenomena, including extreme fatigue and the loss of idealism and passion for one's Job. What is noteworthy is that the importance of burnout as a social problem was identified by both practitioners and social commentators long before it became a focus of systematic study by researche rs.Logistics is to satisfy customer needs, with the lowest cost, through the transport, storage, distribution and so on, to achieve raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products and related information from the origin of goods to the goods consumption to the planning, implementation and management of the whole process. Logistics is a system of control of raw materials, manufactured goods, finished goods and information,from the supply, the transfer of a variety of intermediate links and have to reach the physical movement of the final consumers, in order to achieve the organization's goals.Modern logistics is the product of economic globalization, economic globalization is an important service. The world of modern logistics industry grows steadily, Europe, Japan, America become important base logistics worldwide. 1. 2 The existing problems and the purpose of this paper In China, logistics industry started relatively late, with the rapid development of he national economy, the logistics industry market demand continued to expand.Since twenty-first Century, the state to strengthen and improve macroeconomic regulation and control policy, China logistics industry to maintain rapid growth, constantly improve the logistics system, industry increasingly mature and norms. The development of the logistics company to create many Jobs, special courier. However, the courier is prone to burnout, with facing to overload workload, such as sending 50 parcels on average everyday, Guessing logistics and waiting for customers. Especially n the discount season, for the logistics company is a war, the courier will face a severe test.Many express company clerks said, working overload to make them terribly fatigued, lead to service attitude decline or reject business is failing express industry. The aim of this research is to find what factors lead to courier appears occupation burnout and what are the solutions. 1. 3 Research Question (1) Is there any burnout in the cour ier in logistics company in China? If so, how often? (2) What are the major factors which contribute to their burnout? II . Literature Review 2. 1 Concept of BurnoutBurnout was initially a very slippery concept – there was no standard definition of it, although there was a wide variety of opinions about what it was and what could be done about it. Different people used the term to mean very different things, so there was not always a basis for constructive communication about the problem and solutions for it. However, there was actually an underlying consensus about three core dimensions of the burnout experience, and subsequent research on this issue led to the development of a multidimensional theory of burnout (Miasmal 1982, 1998).This theoretical framework continues to be the predominant one in the runt field. Today, the most commonly accepted definition of burnout is the three- component conceptualization used by Miasmal and colleagues (Miasmal, 1982; Miasmal & Jackson, 1981; Pines & Miasmal, 1980). One component of burnout, emotional exhaustion, is characterized by a lack of energy and a feeling that one's emotional resources are used up. Another component, diversification or demutualization, is marked by the treatment of clients as objects rather than people.The final component of burnout, diminished personal accomplishment, is characterized by a tendency to evaluate oneself negatively. 2. 2 Assessment of Burnout In the sass the work on burnout shifted to more systematic empirical research. A particular focus of this research was the assessment of burnout, and several different measures were developed. The scale that has had the strongest psychometric properties and continues to be used most widely by researchers is the Miasmal Burnout Inventory (MBA) developed by Miasmal and Jackson (1981).Subsequent research using the MBA has revealed that the intensity and frequency dimensions of burnout are highly correlated (Anderson & Knick, 1984; Brooking, Bolton, Brown, & McElroy, 1985; Gaines & Jerkier, 1983), so the revised version of the MBA (Miasmal & Jackson, 1986) includes only the frequency dimension. The MBA- Human Services Survey (MBA-HAS) was designed for use with people working in the human services and health care. A second version was developed for use by people working in educational settings (the MBA-Educators Survey, or MBA-SEES).In both the HAS and SEES forms, the labels for the three dimensions reflected the focus on occupations where workers interacted extensively with other people (clients, patients, students, etc): emotional exhaustion, diversification, and reduced personal accomplishment. 2. 3 Major factors Burnout is an individual experience that is specific to the work context. Thus, the research over the past 35 years has maintained a consistent focus on the situational factors that are the prime correlates of this phenomenon.The results of this research paint a clear picture of the impact of the work situat ion on individual burnout. These situational Factors include Job characteristics, occupational characteristics, organizational characteristics. People do not simply respond to the work setting; rather, they bring unique qualities to the relationship. These personal factors include anemographic variables (such as age and formal education), enduring personality characteristics, and work-related attitudes. Several of these individual characteristics have been found to be related to burnout.However, these relationships are not as great in size as those for burnout and situational factors, which suggests that burnout is more of a social phenomenon than an individual one. 2. 4 Summary Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal streamers on the Job, and is defined by the three dimensions of emotional exhaustion, diversification, and reduced personal accomplishment. With the sustainable velveteen of the economy make a spurt of progress of science and technology, people prefer to shop on the net, along with the rise of the logistics field.At the same time, faced with the grim work overload, the courier is easy to produce occupation burnout, which leads to the decline of quality of service phenomenon. The social focus of burnout, the solid research basis concerning the syndrome, and its specific ties to the work domain make a distinct and valuable contribution to people's health and well-being. Ill . Research Methodology 3. 1 Research Questions The present research was to examine the following research questions: here any burnout in the courier in logistics company in China? If so, how often? 2) What are the major factors which contribute to their burnout? 3. 2 Subject Description The 20 subjects, who participated in the questionnaire, are all the courier who are working in logistics in Beijing. The courier is mainly responsible for the business of University of International Business and Economics. All of them are male, whose age ranges from 21 to 50. All the 20 surveys are valid. The 3 interviewees, who are all over 40 years old, were chosen from the 20 subjects. These three interviewees were finally chosen because of the following sound reasons.First of all, of all the demographic variables that have been studied, age is the one that has been most consistently related to burnout. Among younger employees the level of burnout is reported to be higher than it is among those over 30 or 40 years old. Secondly, courier whose age ranges from 25 to 30, with I-to-5-year working experience, experience the least burnout . The three interviewees, who should have experienced the least burnout according to the research results, would offer us a picture of their real working lives in a logistics company, from which we may infer all the courier' lives there. 3. 3 InstrumentsIn order to resolve research questions,we refer to relevant literatures about Burnout of the courier in logistics company by internet, such as previous research papers, cases and so on. In order to obtain sufficient descriptive data for painting a clear and virtual picture of courier' lives in logistics company, 20 the courier accepted questionnaire. 3. 4 Procedures Steps : questionnaires Method for obtaining the research data needed by questionnaire, questionnaire includes content, questions, answer mode and index selection. Among them, the basic situation questionnaire,questions and answers to the questionnaire way.First of all, is the main respondents simple personal data, including age, education level, personal monthly income. This part is the single way, by the respondents. Secondly, the basic situation about the logistics company to express the benefits as well as courier attitude to work, including your company will provide the welfare, your company, your current subsidies which have their wages, do you think the extraction rate is reasonable and so on. This part of the respondents according to their own experience to answer. A tota l of 15 questions, each question has the certain. IV c. Results and Discussions . The questionnaires about courier Having out all the data from questionnaires into the pie charts, we can see from the table that respondents from 20 courier, who are mainly responsible for the business of University of International Business and Economics, in this study reported different conditions about their working. First, chart (1) shows the courier work how many hours a day: The statistics show working 8-12 hours a day, which accounts for 76%,is the most; then the next is working 12-14 hours with 17%, followed by working 8 hours, representing 4%; and finally come working more than 14 hours at 3%.Most couriers working time more than the legal working time 8 hours. Secondly, chart (2) shows the courier to present their wage level of satisfaction degree: The pie chart illustrates most of the courier that their wages are Just so so to this stage, there are some people dissatisfied, very few they are in satisfactory condition. Finally, chart (3) shows the courier attitude to the Job: 4. 2 Results to those research questions and analysis From the above data we can see that The courier work long hours, less satisfied with their income.Facing to heavy work and low wages, courier attitude to their work is not active. In this case,the courier is very easy to have the occupation burnout. The main factor which can make contributed to the burnout of the courier in logistics company in china is the Job characteristics and work-related attitudes. Thirty years of reform and opening up, China's economy has got enormous development, continuously improve the overall economy, comprehensive economic strength strengthens day by day.In our country, shortage economy era has ended, economic development has entered a structural surplus stage, economic growth has changed from supply constraint to demand constraint, the sustained and rapid economic Roth is brought about by the accelerated large quanti ties of goods, services and information flow, which also brought the logistics needs of the exponential growth. Facing to a lot of business in logistics company one day, especially on holidays, the courier is very busy and stress. Coupled with the salary is not very high, leading to low service quality.Long time waiting to pick up, occasionally suffering from customer scold, the courier feel bad. So go down for a long time, the courier is negative sentiment to the Job, gradually producing a occupation burnout. V . Conclusions 5. 1 Major findings In this part, the major findings will be elaborated in terms of two research Research Question One: Is there any burnout in the courier in logistics questions. Company in China? If so, how often? The answer to research question one is a definitely yes, there is burnout of the courier in logistics company in China.Furthermore, these courier experienced much more burnout in the special holiday sales activities. When online discount season ever y month, the courier's workload will increase greatly, at this time, courier will increase occupation burnout. Research Question Two: What are the major factors which contribute to their burnout? Having analyzed the qualitative data on the questionnaires with the twenty courier are working in logistics in Beijing, who are mainly responsible for the business of University of International Business and Economics. E know that the Job characteristics and work-related attitudes were the two main factors which contribute to the courier' burnout. 5. 2 Implications The research objective of this paper is to survey on burnout of the courier in logistics company in China. Logistics is an important link in the production and sales, is important to guarantee the efficient operation of enterprises. At the same time, the logistics service is an important aspect to improve the competitiveness of enterprises, timely and accurately provide customers with products and services, it has become an impor tant competitive factors besides the price between enterprises.The courier as the main logistics staff, also plays an indispensable role. As a service company, the most important is the service, the service decided the company, service is the company's survival, a company is mainly is the service quality. So as a service industry, the most important is the service personnel, logistics company is a service many, logistics company a lot of the courier, courier attitude to work directly affects the company's image, indirectly affect the social. This paper research on burnout of the courier in logistics company in China, help to further study and solve the problem of burnout courier. . 3 Limitations of the present study Firstly, the size of sample population is too small, which may make it difficult for the results and conclusions to be generalized. 20 courier are working in logistics in Beijing, who are mainly responsible for the business of University of International Business and Eco nomics. It cannot stand for all the courier in China. Secondly, the samples are all male, did not involve female. Gender is different, psychological also is different, lead to product burnout is different. This point has not done much research.What is more, Just questionnaires with 20 courier cannot provide us with sufficient opportunities to know what's actually happening in the courier' lives. Without thorough and deep data, it's hard to offer the most accurate and authentic first-hand materials to policymakers or administrators for figuring out a way to improve the current situations in logistics company in China. 5. Suggestions for further studies Firstly, researchers should enlarge the size of the sample population if possible, like surveying all the courier in a logistics company in China, irrespective of subjects, through the instrument.

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A Critical Discussion about British Airways and Its Entry into Central Essay - 1

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Photochemistry of Ruthenium Complexes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Turkey political system Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Impact of customer loyalty programme on customer perception and Research Proposal

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Masonry Oven and Pizza Essay Example for Free

Masonry Oven and Pizza Essay Pizza is oven-baked flat bread usually topped with tomato sauce, cheese and various toppings. The modern pizza was invented in Naples, Italy, and the dish has since become popular in many parts of the world. Pizza can be baked in an oven with stone bricks above the heat source, an electric deck oven, a conveyor belt oven or, in the case of more expensive restaurants, a wood- or coal-fired brick oven. On deck ovens, pizza can be slid into the oven on a long paddle, called a peel, and baked directly on the hot bricks or baked on a screen (a round metal grate, typically aluminum). When made at home, it can be baked on a pizza stone in a regular oven to reproduce the effect of a brick oven. Another option is grilled pizza, in which the crust is baked directly on a barbecue grill. Greek pizza, like Chicago-style pizza, is baked in a pan rather than directly on the bricks of the pizza oven. There are several rules to be obligatory followed for making a pizza. The dough should contain flour, natural yeast (brewer’s yeast allowed), salt and water. No kind of fat permitted. The diameter of pizza should not exceed 30 cm. The dough should be made by hands or by means of certified mixers preventing it from overheating. Pizza should be rolled out by hands only. All other methods including rolling-pin application are forbidden. Pizza should be baked in the immediate bottom of the oven. Neither frying pans nor baking trays permitted; the oven should be bricked and lined with fireproof materials similar to the volcanic rock. The oven should be burned with natural wood. The temperature in the oven should not be less than 400 Â °C. Pizza should be thoroughly baked but not over dried; its edges should be high, gentle but crispy at the same time. Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas. American pizza chains Dominos Pizza and Pizza Hut opened their first outlets in India in 1996. Domestic pizza brands include Smokin Joes and Pizza Corner. Pizza is probably the most delicious meal I ever had. Every time I have pizza I create memories. There’s always laughter, talking, and just having fun when I eat this meal. Every time I eat pizza I always have a good time. I love when the crust is soft and hot, it’s just wonderful. The sweet warm sauce is just mouthwatering. There’s nothing better than the cheesy, gooey cheese in your mouth. Pizza might be greasy and unhealthy but it sure is affordable. This meal is just one of akind.

Company Overview of VEDANTA RESOURCES

Company Overview of VEDANTA RESOURCES INTRODUCTION Vedanta resources is the first Indian company to be listed in the London stock exchange in December 2003. It is an FTSE 100 metals and mining company with its headquarters located in London, UK and is Indias largest non ferrous company based on their revenues. The company is principally situated in India, although they have possessions and operations in other locations such as Zambia and Australia. Vedanta Resources is mainly invested in copper, zinc, Aluminium businesses, however the company is now adding to their portfolio by diversifying into a commercial power generation business. The group has experienced a significant growth in recent years on grounds of various expansions in projects owing to a world class resource base containing copper, zinc and Aluminium, the result of this being the acquisition of Sesa Goa in April 2007, which enabled them to penetrate into the iron ore market. Therefore the organization is actively participating in the iron ore, zinc, Aluminium and copper businesses. Vedanta has a precise vision and mission statement, vision being to be clear and committed so that they might become the market leaders in the non- ferrous market segment and their mission is to be a low cost, million-ton per annum producer, the ultimate goal however is to make the company a success, needless to say that such a mission will certainly put India on a global competitive platform, in the metals and mining segment. The company has continuously demonstrated that they are able to bring in projects that are of high significance thereby contributing unmatched growth at minimum pricing while ensuring high returns to all their shareholders. Also, the organization makes certain that they meet the high conservative standards that are set, so that unjustifiable numbers are not shown in their balance sheets. Vedanta Resources deals with a diverse portfolio of mining and metals business as they make available eminent proceeds to their shareholders even as they make sure that they are socially and environmentally accountable, as the management keeps track of their employees health and safety, community issues and of their surroundings. Several of Vedanta Resources operations are authorized by International Management Systems Standard ISO 14001, proof of it being the many awards won by the company such as Recognition of Commitment Award from the Institute of Internal Auditors, USA in 2005, Vedanta Resources being the only manufacturing company out of a total of four Indian companies to have ever received this award, not to mention the numerous safety and environment awards. To quote the chairman of Vedanta Resources, Mr.Anil Agrawal India is a fast-emerging and attractive resource destination, and we believe our strategy and business objectives will harness Indias high-quality wealth of mineral resources at low costs of development, positioning it as a leader on the global metals and mining map. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Vedanta is an emerging multinational conglomerate with many overseas operations. Its organizational structure is a complex one with many subsidiaries, governing board and a management committee. The governing board consists of executive and non executive directors. The executive board of directors consists of Mr. Anil Agarwal, Mr. Navin Agarwal and Mr. M S Metha. Mr. Anil Agarwal founded the company and is leading the company as the executive chairman. Mr. Navin Agarwal is the deputy executive chairman of Vedanta and looks after the corporate business strategy and responsible for overall performance and growth. He also heads the executive committee. Mr. M. S. Metha is the chief executive officer of Vedanta. He joined the conglomerate in the year 2000 and previously was working at Lloyds Steel Industries. The non executive board consists of Mr. Naresh Chandra, Mr. Aman Metha and Mr.Euan Macdonald. Mr. Naresh Chandra was a Padma Vibhushan award winner from the Government of India and he is an Indian Administrative Service officer. He joined the group in 2004 after holding many prestigious positions in India. Aman Metha also joined the group in 2004. Before that he was the CEO of HSBC. Euan Macdonald was the chairman of SBC Warburg India and specializes in emerging market finance. The management committee is lead by Mr. Navin Agarwal and consists of: COMMITTEE DESIGNATION TARUN JAIN PRESIDENT GROUP HUMAN RESOURCES DD JALAN WHOLE TIME DIRECTOR CEO ALUMINIUM BUSINESS MS METHA WHOLE TIME DIRECTOR BALCO P K MUKHERJEE DIRECTOR OPERATIONS KCM DILIP GOLANI COO HZL RAJAGOPAL K. KUMAR CEO COPPER ZINC BUSINESS AKHILESH JOSHI HEAD MANGT ASSURANCE FUNCTION J. JANAKARAJ CEO VEDANTA RESOURCES PRAMOD SURI CEO IRON ORE BUSINESS M SIDDIQI CFO VEDANTA RESOURCED A THIRUNAVUKKARASU DOF STERLITE Vedanta Resources plc. is the parent company with many subsidiaries operating in different sectors in different names. Vedanta has interests in five main businesses. Each business is operated by one of its subsidiary. Below is the Vedanta resources plcs group tree. Copper Business: Copper business are run and operated by Sterlite Industries (India) Limited, Konkola Copper Mines Plc and Copper Mines of Tasmania, however, Vedanta holds 53.9%, 79.4% and 100% stakes respectively and management control in the above companies. The total copper business has an annual production of 678,412 tons and generates revenue of $4,012 million. The end products are the Continuous Cast Rods and Copper Cathodes. Copper from the copper mines are smelted using ISA process, one of the worlds leading technology in copper smelting. They have the latest version of CS 3000 Distributed Control System of Yokogawa from Japan to control the entire copper smelter. Aluminium Business: Bharat Aluminium Company Limited (BALCO) and Vedanta Aluminium Limited (VAL) are responsible for Aluminium business. Aluminium business has a total production capacity of 500,000 tons per annum. Vedanta has the controlling stakes of 70.5% in VAL and Sterlite, the subsidiary of Vedanta owns a stake of 51% and exercises management control. Currently the Aluminium business is under vigorous expansion and by 2012 it would become top five Aluminium producers in the world. The company produces metallurgical grade alumina and Aluminium ingots, billets and bars used for making buses. The Aluminium smelter used the advanced technical specifications of British Standard Institute (BSI). The company has bagged OHSAS 18001 certification for good health and protection standards. VAL unit has obtained ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certificates for quality production and management practices. These Aluminium complexes also have integrated power plants in them. Zinc business: Zinc business is wholly owned and operated by Hindustan Zinc limited (HZL). Vedanta own 64.9% of share capital in HZL. It has an annual production of 9,64,000 tons of zinc that generates revenue of $1,782 million. HZL is the worlds integrated second largest producer of Zinc and Lead. Apart from Zinc and Lead the plant also produces Silver, Cadmium and generates power. Silver and Cadmium are obtained as a byproduct of Lead and Zinc metal respectively. The equity shares of HZL are traded at the Indian stock exchange. The metals are refined and sold according to their quality. Iron ore business: The whole iron ore business is operated by its subsidiary Sesa Goa limited. Vedanta has a controlling stake of 57.1%. The company makes iron ore, pig iron and metallurgical coke. The company has a production capacity of 21.4 million tons of iron ore fines and lumps which generates revenue of $1221.7 million. Apart from these they also sell the in-house technology for coke making. They found new technology using vibro compaction to stabilize coal before using in the furnace for firing. Sesa Goas mines have ISO status for good management standards and safety. Commercial Power Generation business: This is a new business venture for Vedanta group and is run by its subsidiaries Sterlite Energy Limited (SEL) and Madras Aluminium Company Limited (MALCO). SEL is a 100% subsidiary of Sterlite Industries Ltd. As of now the excess power from its various plants are sold. Specialized commercial power generation plants are being set up in India. By the end of 2011 the power plants would become fully operational. Two plants are being set up with a combined generation of 4380MW per year. OPERATIONS OF VEDANTA RESOURCES PLC: CORPORATE STRATEGY Since its incorporation in 1976, Vedanta has been very successful in its operations. The current turnover of company is $ 7931 million. The success can be owed to the corporate strategy of Vedanta which can be explained as follows: Organic Development: This includes developing organizations own capabilities. It is done by making using of latest technology for manufacturing processes; spreading investments over a time, venturing the scope of entry in new markets, analyzing the ability of the company to enter them and then enter into such markets. Latest Technology for Mining Smelting Operations: Vedanta has been doing it by using highly advanced technology for manufacturing and designing. This helps in reducing the production costs and thereby gaining advantage to compete in the market. For e.g. The Sesa Goas team did a detailed experimentation involving studies on the temperature profile of the oven and redesigning the refractories. Followed by the systematic plant trials, it developed energy recovery coke making, an environment-friendly technology that is characterized low capital and operating cost, high energy recovery and capable of producing high quality metallurgical coke. Implementing cost reduction techniques: Vedanta has signed long-term contracts with suppliers of raw materials. This not only reduces production costs but also accounts for the continuous availability of resources without getting affected by market fluctuations. Launching Brownfield and Greenfield Projects: These form a very important consideration for a mining industry. Brownfield projects are abandoned sites that are available for industrial or commercial reuse. The development or expansions of such land is more difficult owing to contamination by earlier use. Greenfield projects are the ones which lack any constraints imposed by prior work. There is no need to demolish or remodel the structure. Vedanta has been investing in Brownfield and Greenfield projects for expansions. A 1.4 mtpa aluminium refinery project at Lanjigarh and an aluminium smelter of capacity 500,000 tpa both in state of Orissa, India are few of the Greenfield projects launched by the company. Entry in New Market: Also the company has now ventured into Commercial Power Generation. It recognised the tremendous scope in the industry for commercial power generation, in India. It has therefore started commercial power generation plants in Chhattisgarh and Orissa. Also these plants are locates at strategic positions, mainly in the coal rich zones of India, thereby facilitating transport and easy availability of coal. Consolidation of Group Structure: As shown above, Vedanta has many subsidiaries like KCM, Sterlite Industries India Ltd, Sesa Goa Ltd etc. Although it has the Holding Stocks and management control over all these, some of the stakes are owned by private investors. Vedanta is constantly trying to buyback it stock and purchase shares of all its subsidiaries. This would help in a consolidated group structure. The main advantage of it is ease in the management decisions. Mergers and Acquisitions: Since 2004, the Vedanta Resources had only one acquisition till date by acquiring the Madras Aluminium Co Ltd. While taking stake into consideration the Vedanta resources taken over 5 companies till finalization of balance sheet for 2010. Acquisitions include Konkola Copper Mines Plc. in 2004 and part in 2009 with a total of 79.4% stake, next Sterlite Gold Ltd and Finsider International Co Ltd both in the year 2007. Moreover, the company acquired approximately 25.8% by the outstanding common shares of Sterlite Gold on a fully-diluted basis. Also the company acquired Finsider International Co Ltd. Fully from a Japanese company called Mitsui Co at around USD 981 million. In the year 2009 the company acquired 51% of Sesa Goa Ltd, Indias largest producer-exporter of Iron-Ore in the private sector at INR 4070 Crore. Now, the Vedanta Resources are planning to acquire 60% stake in Crain India Company. The Cairn India is a leading player in Oil and Gas industry in India. Moreover, Crain India is one the biggest private exploration and Production Company currently operating in India. Edinburgh based Crain Energy is holding a total of 62.37 percent stake in Crain India. According to the deal the Crain Energy will sell its stake to Vedanta Resources Plc for the deal amount of USD 9.6 billion at 405 INR per share. Successful acquisition of KCM, MALCO, Sterlite Gold Ltd and Sesa Goa has added substantial growth to the Vedanta as a whole. They are continue looking for a new growth and acquisition opportunities in the metal and mining sector and related opportunities in India and elsewhere. They are taking all these steps by keeping government privatization programmed in mind. PESTEL ANALYSIS Political Legal: As minerals are a nations wealth, the mining industry operates under the huge cloud of political and legal pressure. Mainly they are state owned or nationalized and involves a large and complicated process for licensing. The industry is very much regulated by governmental law that mainly focuses on labour and environmental factors. In the recent days, the increasing concern for environmental issues has made the government to pressurize the mining policies. Upon this the media focus is still more an added pressure for the mining industry. Even though the governments policies are mainly aimed to protect the resources but they also encourage exports by giving subsidies and encourage new technology developments. Economic: Mining is an industry that requires very high capital investment. Thus, interest rates make a major impact. Not all countries are rich in deposits of minerals; hence mining generally involves import and export of products. The exchange rates fluctuations are a dominant concern. The import taxes and international trade cycle are also important economic factors for the mining industry. Social: Being an industry that impacts the surrounding environment in areas of its operation, the support of the local community is of the most important and underlying factors for mining. Mining, though, a resource based industry, cannot be carried out in areas of high population because of the concerns that it may affect the public health. Mining has also been under the scanner of various activist groups over the recent years. The industry thus has also been attracting continuous media attention. Vedanta has been attracting a lot of media attention recently over ESG issues. Technology: The process involved in the mining industry right from the raw material transportation still export involves risky process. In those conditions the laws prevent the use of human resources that make the mining industry heavily dependent on technology. Recently the mines are using computerized machines that operates according to its program and automated conveyor belts to reach its specified destination i.e. harbor or warehouse. But still the underground mining relies mainly on human resource due to its complicated nature of mining. Environmental: Mining is an industry that affects and makes a negative impact on the environment during and after the process. Thus any mining activity has to go through a number of clearances and regulations concerning the environment. Almost all countries demand an investigation of its impact on the environment before any activity can start. PORTERS 5 FORCES ANALYSIS The following diagram gives the 5 Forces Analysis for Vedanta Resources: Threat of New Entrants: The threat of new entrants to Vedanta is very low. This is mainly because of high capital investments required. The limited resources in mining and the costs of exploration, the various government laws, the equipment required, additional costs incurred in rehabilitation of people living at mining sites etc all make it difficult for new entrants to venture in this industry. Threat of Substitutes: The threat of substitutes also is low. This is mainly because metals are required basically for all types of manufacturing industries as an input. Even if substitution is considered, it has limited scope. Also the price/performance ratios of iron, aluminium etc is low, making the threat of substitutes even less. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The suppliers include the suppliers of raw materials required, that of equipment etc. There are very few suppliers and therefore their bargaining power is high. Also the cost of switching suppliers is high making it difficult to do so. Vedanta has entered into long term contracts with their suppliers, thus reducing the costs. It also ensures that Vedanta get supply of goods without being affected by market fluctuations. Bargaining Power of Buyers: This is low as the demand of the metals and metal products is very high. Also switching costs are high as the costumers normally have contracts with the company. Competitive Rivalry: Some of the competitors of Vedanta Group are Rio-Tinto, BHP Billiton Ltd, Grupo-Mexico, Hindalco etc. The competition is intense as every player is trying for their market share as the resources are becoming restricted and limited. SWOT ANALYSIS: A complete SWOT analysis of Vedanta Resources plc would provide a clear and unbiased strategic analysis of the companys strengths and weakness and potential opportunities and threats, this sort of analysis helps the business in understanding its partners, customers and competitors better. STRENGTHS: The strength can be determined by the fact that the company has assets that are global with respect to both scale and size; their low cost of production which makes the group competitive among its peers and the skill and experience that are incorporated in the nature of their assets is of high quality. Their recent growth in volume and the many measures that the group have taken in reducing costs has increased their cash flow considerably; The Company understands the fact that it is important to maintain a low leverage by enabling adequate liquidity and meeting all their financial obligations, possessing a strong vision, making strategic acquisitions and having an ability to think ahead. They also understand the value of their employees which is a competitive advantage as its not easily reproducible like technology and the fact that they strive for excellence has only increased their strength. WEAKNESSES: Poor brand management, not giving importance to marketing of the company, keeping silent while a swarm of people accusing the company has increased trouble for the company. Therefore, the company must make all efforts in order to correct the problem before they run out of business and need to curtail their operations. OPPORTUNITIES: The opportunities for the group are many, success in the group will allow the company to compete globally. Several efforts are made by the company with respect to expansion of the company and growth and this can be clearly seen in the group on having acquired Sesa Goa, which makes it possible for the company to penetrate through the iron ore market and by making strategic decisions, will guarantee that Vedanta Resources triumphs. THREATS: The potential threats as reported by The Independent news paper is the fact that the human rights protestors that stood outside the companys building in their avatar costumes, outshone the companys accomplishments which is a major threat to the companys image. The backing out of the Church of England; only six months after researching into the company or Aviva who is one of their backers, who voted against them in three resolutions in board meeting which they attended. Vedanta however, denies the rumors concerning the pollution of Lanjugarh, or any breach in human rights, the encroachment of land in Nyamgiri Hills in Orissa and any other accusations that have been made against the company and they continue to contest any allegations made against the group. Although the rumors are overtaking their defensive stand and is causing a serious dent to the Vedanta Groups image. (The Independent, 2010) COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: In terms of the competitive advantages for Vedanta resources Plc, Firstly, they have a mining site located where the availability of natural resources is high. Their production is done on the basis of the accessibility of the raw material. As the natural resources are highly available, the supply of the raw material and the cost of production can be low, and the cost of capital can be divided to sustain it in the current market. The raw material in the industry is nothing but the resources held by the group and as they located where there is a rich source of natural resources, not to mention the availability of cheap labour at their mining site which results in Vedanta having a low cost of production per unit leading the company to win an award for the low cost of production in year 2007. Culture of the society where there are located, is also well known by them so the adjustment to the market environment would not be an issue placing the company is a very advantageous position The company has also started their operations in power production unit. They had produced the power sufficient enough for their production and the excess production was sold out and this resulted to the investment in a power generation plant. Now they have obtained blocks for 112.2 million tons with the ministry of coal. They have signed a contract with Chhattisgarh government for the interested thermal and coal power generation plant for 1200 MW power capacity. India is fifth largest in the world for the bauxite with the reserve about of 2,600 million tones and for the coal reserves and for iron ore it is sixth. The most of the mining and smelting site for Vedanta resources are in India. This is advantageous for potential growth in the further prospective for the company. CORE COMPETENCE For Vedanta the core competence of their business strategy is developing low cost, with inexpensive skilled and educated labour. (Business Standard, 2008) In the mining industry, the high costs are to do with the investment in acquiring a mining site and costs need for production. However, Vedanta has reduced its cost of production owing to their location, which is rich in natural resources. The current production for the Aluminium is 1.4 mtpa which is planned to be increased by 6,00,000 tpa to reach is total production of 2 mtpa. The company aims at investing $ 9.8 Billion by which they will be the fifth mining company for Aluminium metal. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY In the present-day business scenario, Corporate Social responsibility (C.S.R.) and sustainability have become a very high-profile agenda in many countries and industries. Thus, due to the nature of its business, Corporate Social Responsibility is a pretty confound and complicated issue for Vedanta Resources Plc. The company has quite a mixed record on the social responsibility front. Nonetheless, the company has made certain valiant efforts to conduct their business in a socially responsible manner. Vedantas current C.S.R. agenda acknowledges the responsible management of the Environmental, Community, Health and Safety and Employee issues with respect to all of their operations. The companys Health, Safety and Environment (H.S.E) management framework administers the healthy and sound management of its operations. According to its current agenda, the company aims to reduce the impact of its activities on the environment. Efficient consumption of energy and water and use of recycled materials is one of its main motives. It has taken initiatives through its subsidiaries to fulfill its motives. Being a mining company, the health and safety of its employees and the community is a core concern for Vedanta. The company has a Health and Safety management framework and policies in place, which aim to ensure a risk-free environment for its employees. Vedanta has also taken efforts to support and enhance the local community in the areas of their operations. Sterlite Foundation is financial ly supported by the group, which provides free computer training to the young under-privileged people. The company has also made several contributions and donations to the community. For example being the donation of US$1.1 million to the Rajasthan drought relief fund, through its subsidiary H.Z.L. Despite making certain efforts to conduct its business in a socially responsible manner, Vedanta has been engulfed in a web of allegations concerning this issue over the last few years. The company has been under immense criticism for having a poor human rights and environmental record by various activist groups and authorities. A human rights group called Amnesty International, has criticized and raised the issue of ill treatment of the local tribal people by Vedanta in the Niyamgiri hills in Orissa, India. Various other activist groups have also accused Vedanta and its subsidiaries of threatening the livelihood of the community residing in and around the areas of its mines. This also led to recent public demonstrations and protest against the company worldwide. However, the company has maintained a stance that, it would act in a responsible manner and that the proposed project will only enhance the community as a whole in the particular area. Vedantas Alumina refinery at Lanjigarh in Orissa, India, has also been critiqued by the State Pollution Control board in India for air and water pollution. Amnesty International has accused Vedanta of failing to curb the impact created by its refinery of air pollution on the local community. The company is also facing investigations and charges regarding pollution because of its project in Armenia. This is another issue that has been raised by various activist groups. The company has also failed to maintain a clear health and safety record recently. Separate incidents have darned its reputation concerning safety efforts. An under construction chimney at its smelter in Chhattisgarh, India collapsed causing death of more than 40 workers and employees. The company has also been accused of safety negligence as its unsafe mining operations have led to deaths of more than 25 workers and employees and injuries to hundreds of others in 2007. The controversies, poor human rights and environmental allegations have caused a lot of socially responsible investors to divest from the company. After protests by Survival International a human rights group regarding the Orrisa issue, the Church of England sold its stake worth 3.75 million pounds in Vedanta resources on the basis of ethical grounds. The Church stated that we are not satisfied that Vedanta has shown, or is likely in future to show, the level of respect for human rights and local communities that we expect of companies in whom the Church investing bodies hold shares, The Scottish investment firm Martin Carrie Investments also sold its stake worth more than 2 million pounds following protest from activist groups. Other responsible investors like the Swedish Government, Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, Dutch investment firm PGGM and a few others have joined the bandwagon of disinvesting from the company following its poor recent social record. The BP Pension fund has also reduced its share following similar concerns. The UK and Norwegian governments have also condemned the company. The disinvestment by shareholders has been a major concern for Vedanta as it certainly threatens to affect its growth. On 24th August 2010, the Indian government blocked the companys proposal for a new mine in India alleging Vedanta of having a poor human rights and environmental record. Indias Environment minister stated, There is no emotion, no politics, no prejudice I have taken the decision in a purely legal approach, that these laws are being violated. This has been a major blow for Vedanta as it was planning to invest more than 5 billion pounds in the Niyamgiri project. The company has also been alleged of charges of bribery in Chennai, India for the reopening of a factory that was shut down due to a major accident. Sterlite, a subsidiary of Vedanta was slapped with tax notice of more than 44 million pounds by the India Excise department in 2010 while a few other legal violations have also tarnished the companys image. All the recent allegations and controversies in the recent times resulted in a negative image for the company. Its stock rose tremendously by more than 200% from April 2009 to April 2010 but after the recent allegations and concerns over disinvestment by investors, the stock has been a sharp decline. Thus, the issue of corporate social responsibility has certainly made an impact on its growth recently and could also be a cause of concern if the company does not adopt new strategies to improve its CSR record. Vedanta must revive its CSR agenda to clarify investor concerns. The company has however claimed that it aims resolve all the issues regarding the allegations and aim to enrich and empower the community wherever they operate. Projects Under Scrutiny Lanjigarh Bauxite Mine Lanjigarh Smelter Chhattisgarh Chimney Collapse Chennai Factory Source: CONCLUSION: In conclusion Vedanta Resources is Indias largest non-ferrous metal and mining company based on revenue. This FTSE-100 company has a strong balance sheet with cash and liquid investment of $7.2 billion and has cash in excess of $7.0 billion. Moreover, its the only Indian manufacturing company listed at London Stock Exchange. They are working with workforce of 30,000. The analysis shown above certainly explains the success of Vedanta Resources in mining industry. This success can be hugely owed to its corporate strategy. However there are still some glitches in the strategy. This is evident by the SWOT analysis, so also the effects on its business as an aftermath of its weak corporate social responsibility. Therefore it is evident that their current corporate strategy is not sustainable. Although due consideration has been given in asset optimization, reducing costs and thereby gaining profits; Vedanta has not given due consideration to the threat posed by its competitors. If any of the competitors enter India, for mining then Vedanta would not be able to survive. Moreover their corporate social responsibility has been lacking; this has severely affected their Brand-name, a very important factor in todays market. It has also resulted in decreased market share and withdrawal from many of their investors like Church of England. Therefore certain cha nges have to be made in their current corporate strategy. First of all, the company should give due consideration to its Social Responsibility, it should provide rehabilitation facilities to people, who have lost their lands due to mining activities. It should provide safety and security measures for their workers. It should also come with policies that are in accordance with the human right and environment. All this would add up with Brand Image of the company. It should try to improve relations with Indian governm

Influence of Age on Self-Description Changes

Influence of Age on Self-Description Changes Gemma L Sobah An investigation of self-descriptions in data collected from two children of different ages, and how their age influences the focal point of their self-descriptions using the findings of Rosenberg (1979) Abstract (166 words) This report investigates the self-descriptions of two children in using the findings of Morris Rosenberg (1979). Rosenberg proposed that young children typically describe themselves using physical conditions, and older children/adults tend to use character and relationship qualities. The two participants took part in an semi-structured interview and the interview transcripts were coded and analysed by dividing the answers into the four categories created by Rosenberg. These were physical, character, relationships or inner. The information and data from the two participants were then compared to Rosenbergs findings. The locus of self-knowledge was also investigated briefly, which Rosenberg stated changed from outside to inner relatedness, the older the child gets. From my findings, it appears my data does to some extent agree with the conclusions that Rosenberg came across as with age they do seem to make less physical descriptions, but there did seem to be a change from locus of self -knowledge from the parent to the individual, as the child got older. Introduction (289 words) The subject of identity and how we acknowledge our own has always be a matter of intense debate those in the field of child development. The many aspects of identity require that many outside aspects are considered when looking at the development of ones identity, like religious, social ethnic, cultural. for that reason, in order to develop an identity, young children should be able to consider such aspects. Maccoby (as cited in Ding and Miel 2005 p. 131) suggests that a sense of self occurs slowly and in small steps. William James (1892 as cited in Miel and Ding 2005 pp 131) thought that a sense of self is divided in two stages: the self as a subject of experience and the self as an thing of knowledge (Miel and Ding, 2005 pg. 131). So as children grow up they develop into people more capable at self-awareness and more practically involved in awareness and responses from other people in their lifes. James believed, this development takes place within childhoo d during interactions between cognitive aspects and social experiences as children actively use their received knowledge about themselves to change parts of their environment. The research for this study relates to the research above due to the age of the participants and the means of the interviews. The interviews are all based on who the child sees themselves as. The way they describe themselves will be the main focus of this study. Whether they dwell solely on their physical appearance or if they go through all the categories and if their responses differ between the two ages. Using Rosenbergs categories, we are hoping to get a clear understanding of whether Rosenbergs and others, work is relevant and can be applied generally. Method (414 words) The design of the study was a comparison of self descriptions elicited from two young people, during semi-structured interviews. The interviewers asked two schools in Milton Keynes, one primary and one secondary to take part in the study. A number of children agreed to take part and their parents were approached for consent and consent forms were signed. Kieron Sheehly interviewed the primary school children and Peter Barnes interviewed the older children. One of the participants was a 8 year old female in primary school and the other was a 16 year old female in secondary school. Both interviews were conducted during school hours within their schools. A tape recorder was used to record the interviews and paper and a pen was used for the children to write down their individual statements. A sound recorder and a producer were present during the interviews. Microphones were used during the interviews and these were placed out of the way as to not get in the way of the interview. All chi ldren were informed at the start of the interview what was going to happen and what was being asked of them. They were also informed who would be using the recording and or what purpose. The interviews were paused while the children wrote down their statements and started again when the interviewer wanted to ask them questions. As there was a potential for outside or background noise, when the background noises began to interfere with the interview, the recording was paused and started again when it became quiet enough to carry on. The two interviews were conducted by staff from the Milton Keynes Open university for the purpose of this study. These were watched and their transcripts were coded and analysed according to Rosenbergs method. Self descriptions of participants were categorised by Rosenberg , into four categories (a) physical; (b) character; (c) relationships d) Inner. The childrens statements were divided where a category could be acknowledged from a single statement (see Appendix 1 and 2) and if a statement could be split into more categories this was done. The percentages of each category were then calculated by way of adding up the column, dividing it by the total and this by 100. This was how each categories percentage was worked out for each child and then these results were then put into a table to show which categories had the highest or lowest percentages for each child. These were then compared and results were explained below. Results (275 words) The hypothesis in this research study was as the child got older there would be a gradual change from physical characteristics to inner and relationship characteristics whilst the locus of self-knowledge increasingly shifted from others to the self as child grew older. Self descriptions that came from I statements, were coded and placed into one of the four categories (see appendices 1). Table 1: Self-descriptions by the children. The Categories Percentage for Annie (8 years old) was : Physical -40% Character 40% Relationships -20% Inner 0% . The Categories Percentages for Kirsty (16 years old) was: Physical 20% Character 20% Relationships 20% Inner 40%. Table 1 (see appendices 5) shows us that the responses that Annie gave were quite equally divided across physical and characteristics, whilst Kirstys were evenly spread over all the categories with the highest percentage being on the inner section. . This appears to support the hypothesis as there was a steady change from physi cal descriptive to psychological descriptive the older the children get. Annies answers to the locus of self-knowledge questions were quite mixed. She showed outer locus of self-knowledge; her teacher knows best about her school work and performance and her mother seems to know best about her behaviour. Although this shows support to Rosenbergs theory and hypothesis it was only using 2 participants and because of this cannot be over generalised to the wider population, which in turn limits the use of the results. Also because Annie only completed five statements and Kirsty completed 10 this cold have impacted the percentage of the results due to kirsty having more data to input into the table. Discussion (682 words) In this research study, two children were chosen. One being at primary school and the other at secondary school, although they were both females, although a larger sample would have allowed for a better analysis of the conclusions in relation to the population. Although the results appeared to supported the Rosenbergs findings(Miel et al, 2010, pp. 21-22) no specific conclusion should be made from such a small sample. Piagets theory of cognitive development also shows this, which could suggest that at about the start of the teen years there is a change from the solid process of development into the final stage of official process .This appears to be the stage at which most adolescents start to create an individual identity and are then able to put into their own point of view and social information about what it means to become an adult and reflect with purpose, on their self consciousness. As the children were interviewed by adults, people they did not know, they may have given different answers to what they may have said to a friend who had asked them the same questions or had a adult that they knew. They could have given biased results due to the fact they were aware it was for a study and they knew the purpose of the study. So because of this the results cant be relied upon wholly to be accurate and true. Regardless of this the way a child describes themselves may be different depending on their level of education and upbringing. For example a child of no school education who cannot read and has limited education may not fully certain aspects of what it means to be them and therefore may give limited answers based on their knowledge and education. Also a child who has been abused or had a very negative start in life, may dwell on more emotional lead than physical lead statements due to them being hurt a lot and there state being very emotionally based. Further still, the way in which a child describes themselves may be purely on what appears to be important to them. Kirsty tended to focus on herself as not being able to change her dress size I am not a size 8 (see appendices 4) and not being able to change who she is in general. This focus may be mainly on how she feels she is perceived by others around her or how she views herself, not just due to her age but due to her current circumstances. From this study it shows that Rosenbergs first hypothesis about the locus of self-knowledge has on some accounts been shown as being correct, although the sample size was a lot smaller than Rosenbergs, also the age of the older participant being incompatible, with Rosenbergs research study. My assumption is to suggest that younger children do appear to describe themselves focusing mainly on their physical attributes and less on how they feel and their personality traits while adults concentrate mainly on their forming on relationships and the impact these have on their sense of self, although the change from physical external descriptions of the younger child to the personal and inner feelings of the older child or adult did not appear to prominent in these results. This study has pointed out the difficulty in trying to determine and discover the idea of sense of self and locus of self-knowledge, and can be used for an indicator to their inner feelings and thoughts of an person in th e process of their development. These descriptions are fluid and live within the communication and changes with others and over a period of time. The locus of self-knowledge also changes by age from child to adult self. Even though the original hypothesis has been somewhat proven to be in general in agreement with the findings of Rosenberg, there are a few practical issues connected in the research of existential and definite selves. More in-depth research involving a much bigger and mixed cultural sample with categorizing results from different researchers could help to prevent some of these issues. Conclusion (46 words) In conclusion, children grow and mature at different times. The progress of developing a sense of self relies on many factors (friendship groups, parents, peers, outer society, etc). Regardless is does appear to be clear that there is a development from physical towards psychological self descriptive. 1,872 words References: Miel, D., Ding, S (2005) Childrens Personal And Social Development: The Early Developmet of Identity,. Milton Keynes. The Open University Appendices 1 Category Analysis Form 1 Coded Responses Physical: describing physical appearance, age, and physical qualities like flexible, sporty etc Character: Likes and dislikes, hobbies and interests, personal qualities and basic personality traits eg, I like to relax, Im laid back etc Relationships: friends and family, social mentions, eg I like making friends Inner: Temperaments, moods and feelings. Eg Im a happy person, I can get stressed easily. etc Appendices 2 Category Analysis Form 2 Coded Responses Physical: describing physical appearance, age, and physical qualities like flexible, sporty etc Character: Likes and dislikes, hobbies and interests, personal qualities and basic personality traits eg, I like to relax, Im laid back etc Relationships: friends and family, social mentions, eg I like making friends Inner: Temperaments, moods and feelings. Understanding of self. Eg Im a happy person, I can get stressed easily. Etc Appendices 3 Annies Statements: 1. I like doing harry potter lego, Ive completed the night bus 2. I love rabbits, guinea pigs and dos 3. I think one of my hobbies is using the tv remote control 4. Im really good at maths and get stuck on telling the time 5. Im not very good at remembering Appendices 4 Kirstys statements: I cant change who I am I can only be my best Ive always been an individual I am not size 8 Im pretty plain I get on well with many people Im friendly and my friends are like family I work as hard as I can I may set my goals too high I can only be me and if some people dont like that, I cant apologise anymore Appendices 5 Table of Results 1

Human Responses to the Human Split Brain :: Biology Essays Research Papers

When neuroscientists first made direct contact with the right hemisphere of the brain, during neurological tests of "split brain" human subjects, it was as if they had found intelligent, albeit speechless, life on Mars. At a time when brain imaging techniques were crude or nonexistent, the only way to observe and communicate with the brain's right hemisphere unimpeded by the left hemisphere was by testing split brain subjects (1). The right hemisphere, previously supposed mute, illiterate, mentally retarded, and completely subordinate to the left hemisphere, had a mind of its own (1). While it could not speak, it could respond to commands and questions via its contralateral control of the left hand. It had different abilities and even opinions and emotional states than the neighboring left hemisphere (2). These discoveries led to a model of hemispheric specialization of normal human brain function, with an analytic, verbal, problem solving left hemisphere and a visuospatial, syntheti c, creative right hemisphere (1, 2). The formation of this model in turn offers insight into the brains of the observers as well as the observed. The observers' behavior supported some of their own hypotheses about the human brain, split or unsplit. The term "split-brain" is commonly used to describe a person whose corpus callosum has been surgically severed (3). The corpus callosum, comprised of approximately 200 million neuronal fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres of brain, exists only in mammals' brains, and is largest in human brains (1, 3). Until the 1960's neuroscientists were unsure what purpose the corpus callosum served (3). By observing deficits in split brains' functions, scientists could better assess the corpus callosum's function (1). Roger Sperry and his colleagues pioneered the operation severing the corpus callosum, known as callosal commisurectomy, in the 1960s, as a last ditch effort to control the seizures of life threateningly severe epilepsy by creating a fire wall to prevent electrical impulses from traveling between hemispheres (1). This treatment was successful, and after recovering from the surgery, the split-brain patients appeared normal in every day interactions and even during a routine physical exam (1). However, Sperry and his colleagues, after extensive and specific neurological tests of split brain patients, posited that the corpus callosum communicated stimuli and responses between the two hemispheres, each specialized for different cognitive functions (1). Using a tachistoscope, Sperry delivered visual stimuli to a single visual field of the subject (1). He discovered that, with the exception of olfactory stimuli, the hemispheres of the brain receive sensory stimuli and exercise motor control contralaterally (1, 3, 5).

Cheaper by the Dozen :: essays papers

Cheaper by the Dozen The book Cheaper by the Dozen written by Frank B. Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey was the life story of the Gilbreth family before Mr. Gilbreth died. Frank Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth were two of the twelve children. Mr. and Mrs. Gilbreth, both industrial engineers, ran a firm, Gilbreth, Inc. which was employed as "efficiency experts" by major industrial plants in the United States, Britain, and Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Gilbreth had twelve children, six girls and six boys. The names of the children are Anne, Ernestine, Frank, Bill, Lillian, Martha, Jack, Jane, Fred, Mart, Bob, and Dan. The older children's job is to take care of the youngest and the mother took care of the intermediate children and babies. Nothing was consider more a sin than wasting time, that is why the father, Frank, times himself trying to go as fast as he can with almost everything. He timed himself buttoning his shirt to see which way is faster, top-bottom or bottom-top. He timed himself shaving to see which way took longer, using two brushes to apply the shaving cream of one. He found that two were faster. Frank, the father also experiment on which ways was faster, using two razors of one. He found that one was faster, because with two he cut himself so many times it took him twice as much time to cover the cuts up. The book talked about how smart Frank, the Father was. He painted mores code on the walls of their summerhouse to teach it to his children. When the children decoded the message written on the wall, it revealed a clue that tells the child who decoded it where a prize was hidden. He painted also all of the planets and stars you can see in the sky on the walls of their summerhouse to teach his kids astrology. A neat power that the father, Frank, had was that as soon as he look at a person he would know their nationality. When ever the family would go somewhere were you would have to pay by the person, such as a toll bridge, Frank, the father, would take one look at the person and know that their nationality was Irish. The father, Frank, would say, "do my Irishmen come cheaper by the dozen?" The owner would probably say, "Irishmen? If you are Irish, you should not pay a toll on my road. Your trip is on the house." At the end of the book the father, Frank is called for work in

Shaping the 21st Century Government Revolution

Bill Clinton says that the government must shape a 21st century revolution. He carried on in his last state of the union address making all kinds of proposals ranging from healthcare, fighting crime and education to name a few. He says they must focus on the middle class, proposing a 350 billion dollar tax cut. But exactly how does he propose this shaping take place, and how will it effect our economy? I would like to focus on what he proposed for education. He says the government spends $15 billion a year in our schools. He proposes schools that show progress get rewarded for it. The way to do that is to bring in the best trained teachers, and by having more after school programs to help kids in problem areas. Also he says they need to make schools more up to date, by connecting all classrooms to the Internet. In 1994 only 3% of the classrooms had access now 90% of schools have at least one internet connection. Clinton wants to make the American dream affordable for everyone. By making pell grants larger, having more affordable student loans, hope scholarships, and education IRA's. It would make it more possible for people to go to college and get the education needed to get a good job and further themselves. Clinton says high school graduates that go on to college is up 10% from 1993. He proposed a $30 billion college opportunity tax cut. which means a tax deduction for up to $10,000 in college tuition costs. That would mean more people would be able to afford to go on to collegeNow all these things sound great right? But will it all be possible, and how will all these things affect our economy as we know it? Will it have a huge impact, and if so will it be good or bad? I do not think following though on these proposals will have a bad effect on the economy. If anything I think it will just strengthen the economy. If more people got a better education and were able to afford to go to college to make themselves even better. They would be more likely to find a better job or start a business of their own. If all those things took place then communities would grow stronger and cities would have more businesses which would make more and more jobs. And that would help to bring the poverty level down. There would be less people on welfare and it would probably cut the crime rate also. Now another issue that clinton brought up was health care. He had all kinds of ideas on how to spend money on healthcare but is it really worth it? In 1997 the children's health insurance program was passed. So far there are approximately 2 million children enrolled the goal there is 5 million. Also there are over 40 million Americans that don't have any insurance at all. A large portion of those are people between the ages of 55 and 65. Clinton says Medicare needs to be strengthened and modernized. In his budget he dedicates $400 billion to Medicare that will keep it solvent past 2025. Is all this government spending necessary? I don't think it is. They should make it a requirement for companies to have medical insurance for their employees. Then that would save them a lot of money that can go on other things. One more thing I would like to touch on is a proposal Clinton made on childcare. He says parents spend a quarter of their earnings on childcare. He says that the childcare tax credit should be up to $2,400 for people that make under $30,000 a year. He says that last year alone the government provided childcare for 2 million children. Now I am glad he says all these things about childcare but the simple fact is this, there are so many people that can't work because they can't afford childcare. And the only way they can get help to pay for it is if they are on welfare. Now to me that doesn't sound like the government is trying to help the average American move up or better themselves in that aspect that they try to help the people that really need it. Now taking that and putting it all together, it would make our country all together stronger if the government put money where it really needs to go instead of putting it in their own pockets. Which in all reality in the stretch of things we all know that's where it will end up.

On the Competition Between an Online Bookstore and a Physical Bookstore Essay

Most of you make water no discredit been made awargon of viragos latest thuggish, brutal and brilliant judgment to squeeze out its competition. Utilizing their equipment casualty freeze smart phone app, a client would get a 5% snub on a product that they initially s trickned in a retail descent to begin with subsequently purchasing it on amazon. Nefarious, right? But also rather savvy.virago is no stranger to taking gain of its massive size and its low-down overheads to crush its competition. Its online nature has allowed it to skip rough state sales taxes, and the employment opportunities it brings serves as a deterrent to local legislators who inclination to take amazon down. Hey, if you dont want us in your state, thither are 49 others that do.Like Wal-Mart before it, virago is, depending on your point of view, all making the consumer grocery store more than in force(p) or sending us on a race to the bottom.virago has already seen off one of its chief competi tors the formerly-of-this-world Borders and has since alter into selling everything. And so Amazons little price-right stunt hit roughly everyone across the board. Thankfully for them, it was a one-day-only instance but the circumstance that Amazon can now, at any(prenominal) time, declare any day as Promotion solar day is vaguely monopolistic and scary for Amazons real-world competitors.Amazons brick and trench mortar competitors still have that one authoritative advantage that the company lacks people. It sounds hokey, but benignant interaction having a salesperson separate you middling exactly why you indispensableness the iGizmo4 instead of the Sprocketizer makes a difference. But presumption how easy it is to shop online, coupled with Amazons discount, average consumer Joe might save take his avocation online. And AC Joe just wasted the sales reps time, inadvertently making up for Amazons lack of human interaction with the real world stores service.If Amazo ns online comparative advantage takes off, their only customers would be the chronically enthusiastic who need the it-thing now. Amazons Price Check bets on the fact that anything anyone else sells, Amazon has for cheaper you just have to wait the 4-7 business days for shipping.Amazons success whitethorn very well be (nearly) complete. But I believe that Amazons honest-to-godest adversary allow withal linger, no matter how diminished the supreme bookstore.It is a sad time for the local, free-lance, college-student staffed bookstore. So many of its comrades have gone low as the public migrated to Amazon-like entities. separatist bookstores were more expensive given their limited striving and logistical capacity but they (often) boasted an talented and engaged staff who gave personalized recommendations and presentations on the differences between Dostoev cast aside translations.Yes, many more free bookstores will (probably) die in the glide path years. Obituaries have bee n written blaming either Amazon or the rise of e-publishing and there are those who already speak of the good quondam(a) days when one could thumb by copies of esoterica.But I believe weve already hit the bottom. There are no more unconditional bookstores to cull because the market fat has been eliminated. The places that still have separatist bookstores want independent bookstores despite the determine advantages of the Big Box or the internet.Independent bookstores foster a sense of literary community among costumers, serving as a focal point for discussion and as pretentious as this sounds intellectualism. The people who will postponement these bookstores alive are the corresponding people who would continue to donate to NPR or become members of museums. It is, of course, a sad fact that bookstores like these cannot survive in the free-market brainsick with an Amazonian predator on the loose, but the independent bookstore has found its ecological street corner as a c urated cultural object.This may be a depressing conclusion for some of you who remember the good old days (was it only a tenner ago?) where the independent bookstore thrived in this America. But if you want to keep the independent bookstore alive, we will all have to do our part to treasure the sybaritic feel of running a digit through with(predicate) bound pages, to waltz through shelves of books we will never read, and to pass on that heady sensation to our children and friends. Call us the last survivors of the great bookstore manifestation kooky and crazy, but we will keep these institutions alive just as we eat and devour a native dolly species in November and just as we mess up up quantities of explosives in the night sky in the 7th month of the solar calendar. These are cultural things that we do to fulfil who we are.

Fakeer of Jungheera as a Love Story Essay

The imitative of Jungheer is a hanker rime by hydrogen Louis Vivian Derozio. He was born on eighteenth April, 1809 in Kolkatta, West Bengal. He was a lecturer and poet. He is considered to be an academician and educator During his time Literary run of Bengal Renaissance was undergoing. He was an Indian poet and tout ensembley head principal at the Hindoo College of kolkatta. He was a radical nous and unrivaled of the first Indian educators to disperse western Education and science among the new-fashioned men of Bengal. He peter outd of Cholera at the age of 22. Long after his death, his govern lived among his former student, who came to be kn accept as modern font Bengal and umteen of whom became prominent in kindly reform law and journalism. stimulate by the scenic beauty of the river Ganga, he headlinerted compose poetry. He was generally considered an Anglo-Indian being of mixed partuguese desent, but he was fired by patriotic center for his native Bengal and considered himself Indian. He wrote many rattling(prenominal) poetrys in English before his premature death of which.The fakeer of Jungheera was one of the most(prenominal) essential landmark in the narrative of patriotic poetry in India. As he considered India to be his mother he brainsick about Indian tender, governmental and religious problem. He to a fault worried about the class and grade discrimination. In his days Bengal faced many problems of caste and creed. The reassessment and inclusion of Derozio in the principle of Derozio in the flowerpoton of Indian piece of writing in English has to do with many factors, pilele communism, religious aspects, colonial aspects. In The bastard of Jungheera Deroiz mixed the tantric, Hindi, Mythological, Islamic and Cristian tradition. He got the idea about writing the metrical composition of spiritual come from Baital Pachisi. As the paper goes, if business leader Vikram remains stead prompt in his love for his que en he finish resurrect her and once to a biger extent both can find triumph together. The dauntless fortitude and courage that The King exemplifies by passing by dint of the stately ordeals in the graveyard leading to his triumph, chirk up conclusion to the tragic death of the imitative in the arm of his dear(p) Nuleeni. If the Nuleeni can again be resurrected in the munition of the fakeer if she can pass through the horrors and temptations of emotional state. bogus and Nuleeni atomic number 18 two star crossed raw siennas handle Romeo and Juliet.In Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet were the children of two enemies whose love brought the tragic end. Here, in The Fakeer of Jangheera. Fakeer is the follower of Islam. Fakeer authority saint a mortal who has renounced the world but hither he loves a lady Nuleeni who is married and also an uppercaste Female. Nuleeni was married to a Brahmin. Her married man dies in an early youth. Naleeni, the belove of Fakeer neer loved her hubby. In the days of neer loved her husband. In the days of heat content Derozio Indian subcontinent was cought by many evils like Sati Pratha killing girl child by boiling the still born vitiate in the hot pot of draw etc. Nuleeni belonged to a conservative Hindoo society in the nineteenth blow. She was hand virtually and better-looking she doesnt went to end her manners behind a person whom she never loved. Nuleeni was brought to the spot where her husband is to be cremated. Women were singing songs praising sati. They sang of going to paradise but poor Nuleeni was at sea in the thoughts of Fakeer.She refuses to die on the funeral pure of her husband and esapes with the bandit faker to his cave in Jungheera to a disembodied spirit from death She take flight death but she starts a smell of forbidden love though shake by violent social norms she believes that her lovers courage and her anfailing love get out finally make them victorious. Her fair and beautifu l face brightens the dark social move of the poem and mitigates the dauntless audacity of the Fakeer who snatches her from the midst of a group of trouble upper caste Hindoo at the Funeral. In the intense bond of love they forgot the society. They forgot their caste discrimination. They forget loudness of power. They Forgot strength of power. They Challenged the man made norms of the society. Both of them whole forgot themselves and did non realize that their lives were at risk. Fakeer, courageously snatched her from the hands of so called headborn people. Would they house this insult of taking out-of-door of pistillate by weaker religious order.Here, the brave rebellion of the weaker sect draws the attention to the inequality of the sexes and social self-consciousness rampant in Bangali Society of the time. In can say that the poem makes an important stage in the use of social themes in literary texts endorsing a syncretical tradition quite popular in nineteenth cent ury Bengal. Instead of be laboring upon the misery of slavery, Derozio embarked upon a kick of resolving some of the inherent evils of Hindi society especially the practice of leave burning. The romantic atmosphere is raise receivable to the development of Hindu-Muslim love affair. The Fakeer of Jungheera is in two cantos of xx eight and twenty four stanzas respectively written in the iambic, anapestic, trochaic and dactylic meters to suit the disparate rhythems ranging from the normal spoken voice and leaden description to the racy battles and the chant of priests and women. The poem starts with natures description and accordingly takes many twists. The poem deals with many heartrending issues of social evil along with the tragic love affir as the protagonist of the poem is a robber Fakeer who belongs to some unidentified Muslim sect, While the heroine, the widow char Nuleeni, comes from an upper caste Bengali Hindu family.Derozio uses Cristain Imagery, Such as heaven and angles flitting about. He juxtaposes this imagery against the Hindu tradition of sati and Muslim prayers. He imitates the English Romantic poets like wordsworth, shelly and Coleridge. In the poem, the imagination is marvelous. Derozio breaks all the norms of writing of the contemporary poem writing. It was not scant(p) for the contemporary writers to break the established laws and at the same time challenging the upper class of the cosecant. He wanted to eradicate the social evils that slowly swallowed the society. This Hindu-Muslim love story arose great sensation. The poet was marginalized in his time. The poet paints the heroine as a meliorate Bengali beauty with large sullen eyes, black in braided tresses, a pale lily complexion and majestic walk. When she arrives at the funeral her eyes searched somebody when he comes she escapes with. He, her lover Fakery had to scramble before taking his beloved with him. At the Fakeers cave. Nuleeni and he lived very happily. They bot h are befogged in the materialistic. They both are garbled(p) in the materialistic imaginative liveliness. They are lost in their world. But Nuleeni in the midst of glad life of all time feared of some spiritual domain danger.Here, the midst of happy life always feared of some unseen danger. Here, the description of nature seems to be one with the feeling of the love. The first canto of the poem mainly deals with the fantastic description of nature, the funeral procession of a Bengali upper-class Hindu familys son, the escape of the widow with her faker lover to his cave. The upper-class widow lived with many wet nurse lives happily in the cave of her Fakeer lover always waiting for something unseen to harm them. She smelt something wrong. She worried for she doesnt want to depart from her lover at any cost. Many a time through the poetry we see her lost in her world, sometime. We see Fakeer lost in his dreamland. As happens in antediluvian patriarch Greek tragedies and S hakespearean tragedies, their tragic designate and mistake of risking their life were waiting for them. As they were run-away lovers Nuleenis puzzle the so called upper-class widows contract would by all odds revenge him. instantaneously, Derozio sees love surrounded by a Hindu and a Muslim as transcending religion, though this could be Derozios own atheistic vision of religion categories establish on his rationalistic temper. There was a hardening of identity of Bengali Muslims in the subcontinent as Islam provided a sense of belong to the Muslim community. In the absence seizure of right Muslim leadership in 19th century Bengal, the ulema emerged as the leaders. Britishers were uncomplete too. On one hand the verboten sati system on the other hand they allowed being sati with permission. The hardening of religious categories in colonial Bengali lays the ground for the needed conflict that ensues in the second canto. In the beginning of the canto the end lies. The popular tactual sensation that love for a woman can lead any god-fearing young man away from the worship of Allah. wherefore starts the tragic events one by one. The father of beautiful widow Nuleeni de conditionines to avenge Fakeer. He goes to Shah Shiva the king of his time. He requests him to localize his army with him to avenge the Fakeer.The uncertainty of life and death begins at this stage. Nuleenis father comes to the mall where the lovers lived with the army to avenge his insult. He did not even think of his daughters happiness or love. Now Fakeer has no choice, if he runs away from the battle field. He would be caught and punished. He decides to fight back the army of Nuleenis father. The story at this point becomes pretty sketchy but the robber Fakeer decides to make a lost defy and fight. However Nuleeni fears that the dubious hour cleverness bring doom Let me chasten the that our doom so bright may darkly end as darkly speeds the night But the Fakeer is self-as sured of Victory. Ere long Ill worn thee in my breast again With the battle promulgate of the moslem ringing afar to fight the royal cavalry, he is mortally wounded with a lance.Nulleeni cradles him in her arms and dies together with him he eloquence had all burned out. She becomes a salve agent to choose her destiny she prefers to die together with someone she loves than with her husband whom she does not. In ancient India woman were allowed to choose their life partners on their own. In our Epics sita, Rukmani, Sati, Parvati (The incarmation of Sati) Draupadi, Subhadra, Kunti, Gandhari, Sanyogita etc. consider their husband on their own. In absence of Pritiviraj Chauhan Sanyogita put garland on his statue and took her with him much(prenominal) was grand and glorious past finis of India which was ruined due to foreign invasion.Nuleeni did not die behind her husband. Now, she is free here to die with Fakeer. She did not die with her husband because she did not love him but s he loved Fakeer beyond anything else in the world. For him she odd all the luxuries of her life, He also risked his life to be united but they were luckless to depart. Nuleeni decides to die behind him. The Sanskrit word sati means a good and vitreous woman who was truly devoted to her husband. And according to the Hindu tradition these virtues found expression is the crowning(prenominal) act of self-immdation. Women who sacrificed themselves continued to be called sati long after they were dead and usage of the term to the sacrifice alone, the act as well as the agent.The secular and universal ideas that Derozio espoused in his poetry do not go well with the separatist and divisionary politics of modern India. These are some of the revisionist consequences of modernity. However, the modes of social life that emerged in the early nineteenth century in response to modernity in India now take us beyond modernity into the information age. If India must glistering it must do so inw ardly its own traditions and Derozio occupies a central place in it. The poet through the impossible and bold story of love affair between Hindu upper-class widow and a Muslim lower class Fakeer reflected and criticized the evils of Indian Society.